Motor Part
Standard Motors, Gear Motors, Micro Reducers, what ?
Fractional Horsepower Motors? Micro AC Gear motors? These all relate to the same range! But how?
In the early days, the engineers working at the Oriental Motor Company faced a huge problem. Customers had so many different requirements for motor features and gearbox combinations, that it could be quite expensive to produce specially developed products for each customers unique requirements.
For the bigger customers who ordered a great deal, this wasn't an issue because big production runs equals big profits and quick, efficient workflow. But for smaller customers, or companies that required prototype motors it was an expensive nightmare.
Faced with this problem, their designers after lengthy consideration and deliberation with the engineers, decided to create their own unique Geared AC Motor range to fill the gap left by independent manufacturers requiring many unique combinations of gearboxes and motors in smaller quantities.
To get past this design issue, they produced their brand new style of motors and gearboxes with common ratios from the zippy 3:1 ratio all the way to slower but high power 200:1 ratio gearboxes, and coupled them to most requested ranges of small AC spur motors selected from 6 Watts AC through to 200 Watts AC. They chose Induction, Reversible, Speed Control and Electromagnetic Brake type motors.
So their new range wouldn't be mistaken with other competitor's products they decided to call the gear motor, "The Standard Range", though over the yearsThe range has also become known as "Micro Motors", "Fractional Horsepower Motors" and "Gear Reducer motors".
This removed the requirement of the purchasing company needing to tell the Oriental designers the particular specifications for their intended purpose and have it custom created. Instead, the manufacturer could now simply look at a table of data provided directly by the motor supplier and choose the most suitable motor and gearbox combination for the wattage, motor type, speed and size best suited to their intended design.
And so, the Oriental Motor company could now offer a single range of products that could be built cheaply, in quantity and easily.
The range was huge success because there was simply no more waiting time. Any company could order any quantity and have it within days rather than waiting months for the products to be designed, then built and finally delivered.
Following the popularity of the AC motors, the company quickly shifted their development team to a DC series and offered the same frame sized motors in DC 12v, 24v, 36v, 48v,90v and 180 Volts.
Since its inception, The Standard motor range has been copied by many companies over the years and is one of the most popular of all small geared AC and DC Motors available today. It is used in a multitude of products such as packaging machines, conveyor systems, automated shelving systems, pizza ovens, robotics and has more uses today than ever conceived by the original designers!
Of course, this didn't go unnoticed by their competition at the time, who watched the successful product eat into their own slice of market share and so the product range and features were quickly copied by many other manufacturers eager for a share of the profits and market sales.
The range of "Standard Motors" are available in AC Single Phase, Three phase and DC with the major models being Induction, Reversible, Electromagnetic Brake and Speed Controlled motors in frame sizes of 60mm, 70mm, 80mm and 90mm.
Due to the immense success gained since these were first offered for sale, many duplicates of the motor exist and some take the idea far beyond the original design offering either a truly unique combination, including right angled gearboxes, worm drives, brushless motors and planetary gears or further refinement through greater efficiency and precision, while others simply try to duplicate the original design as closely as they can possibly get within the limitations of their older machinery.
The Standard motors are available from a variety of different companiesand are mainly produced in Japan (Oriental, Panasonic), Taiwan (Sesame, GPG Motors), Korea(SPG), India and China (the list is exhaustive).
The build quality varies wildly between manufacturers and while a product may look great, it may not run as well, or even last as long as product from a reputable brand.
Generally the quality between brands is dependant on the raw materials used to make the product, and the precision and age of the machinery used to mill the product.Reputable brands offering high quality and proven reliability are GPG Motor Company, Oriental Motor Company, SPG, Sumitomo, Panasonic, Bison and the Maili Titan.
Problems to be aware of when hunting for these Gear Motor combinations for your business!
If you are looking for a cheap units through China or India, know that the original motor was built in two completely different designs!
The original model was a squarish looking model with both an active fan and passive heat sinked casing for better cooling efficiency, while the newer design was a cylindrical shape, taking advantage of the higher precision equipment available in the years between the design changes.
The newer design is much less efficient than the older design, but thanks the the much higher precision and greater efficiency bearings there is less heat generated by the cylindrical designs, which allows them to use the smooth case design rather than the old finned casings. Plus, admittedly they look much better.
Now, while the cylindrical model is ideal for the manufacturers with high precision equipment, many Chinese and Indian manufacturers attempt to copy the newer cylindrical design with much lower success and the resulting motors can run hot enough in worst case scenarios to literally melt the internal and external wiring and plugs.
Generally you won't ever never notice this, because in order to keep the heat contained the motors are in most cases under driven. This means while you think you have a 120w motor, in reality you are getting a 93 Watt motor (or something along those lines)
While we were testing all the motors we could get our hands on for thorough burn-in tests (to import for our own business), the first thing that really stood out for uswas the heat difference between the older style square design and the newer style cylindrical motors in the Chinese and Indian markets. The cylindrical models ALL ran hotter, and even the cooling fans they used were barely adequate to remove the sheer amounts of heat they generated under heavy loads.
This ultimately leads to seal/bearing failure and is caused simply by the lower efficiency of the components creating much more heat than the cylindrical model can easily dissipate. It's also to do with the raw alloy compositions used in the manufacturing of the casing, but that goes well beyond the scope of this article.
More issues we found that again relate to the Chinese and Indian made motors and gearboxes was premature wear in both the helical and spur gears or the motorshafts and internal gearbox gears. Lack of precision makes the gearboxes much noisier than they should be, and on top of that premature wear makes the units even more so.This leads to a much shorter lifespan for both the motor and the gearboxes and makes seizure a very real possibility.
If you decide to purchase from an unknown manufacturer especially from China or India (where the bulk of product we tested were sourced) try to find models utilizing the older style square casings rather than the newer cylindrical designs. We found they were much more accurate and had a higher degree of efficiency than the copies of the newer designs could manage.
On top of that, you'll get fewer headaches from customers if your goal is to buying to resell.
It's a minefield out there and a little knowledge can help your cause greatly. Hopefully, you'll now be armed with enough information to enable either yourself, or your company to make properly informed decisions and you may just come out ahead.
Good Luck!
About the Author
JP Spencer is a motor importer and reseller with more than 25 years experience under his belt. He's installed motors, repaired motors and even built motors. He's advised both big and small companies in regards to motor importing from all parts of the world and is a recognized professional in his field.
DOHC 4 cylinder engine Video - Part 1
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